povidiu
10-26-2009, 04:14 PM
Calorie : the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree. Commonly used to express the amount of energy-producing value in food.
Cancer : any of various conditions characterized by the uncontrolled cell division that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites due to an accumulation of anomalies within a cell. These anomalies can be congenital or acquired after birth through environmental factors. Normal tissue is growth-limited, i.e., cell reproduction is equal to cell death. Feedback controls limit cell division after a certain number of cells have developed, allowing for tissue repair but not expansion. Tumor cells are less responsive to these restraints and can proliferate to the point where they disrupt tissue architecture, distort the flow of nutrients, and otherwise do damage. Most cancers are named for the type of cell that makes up the cancer (lymphoma - a cancer originating in lymphatic tissue, sarcoma - a cancer originating in the connective tissue of bone or muscle, carcinomas - a cancer originating in skin, digestive tract or glands, etc.) or the organ in which they begin (breast cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, bone cancer, etc).
Candidiasis : any of the yeast like fungi of the genus Candida that are normally present on the skin and in the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, and that may become pathogenic, especially Candida Albicans, the causative agent of thrush. Also called moniliasis.
Canker : open sore (ulceration) on the lip or skin inside the mouth.
Carcinogen : an agent capable of initiating development of malignant tumors. May be a chemical, a form of electromagnetic radiation or an inert solid body.
Carcinoma : invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
Carrier : a person who harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent of that infection to others. A person is carrier of an infectious agen throughout the incubation period, disease period and convalescence period.
Asymptomatic carrier - the infected person that shows no symptoms of the disease.
Castration : removal of the gonads - testicles or ovaries.
Can be done by surgical removal, irradiation or using chemical substances. Male surgical removal of testes is called orchiectomy, female surgical removal of ovaries is called oophorectomy. It is a form of sterilization.
Cat-scratch fever : bacterial infection acquired through the scratch of a cat or other skin lesion, characterized by mild fever and inflammation of the injury and lymph glands.
Cauterization : the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing. It is done for medical reasons, as to treat some kind of wound in an area.
Celibate : one who abstains from sexual intercourse, especially by reason of religious vows.
Cell : the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semi permeable cell membrane. The basic unit of organization of all living organisms.
Cellulitis : an inflammation of body tissue, especially that below the skin, characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain. Can be caused by a bacterial infection. Often occurs where the skin has previously been broken : cracks in the skin, cuts, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, etc.
Cervical : of or relating to the cervix.
Cervical cancer : a condition in which normal cells in the cervix turn into cancerous cells.
Cervical dysplasia : an abnormality of the cells at the surface of the cervix. Cervical dysplasia can occur at any age after start having sexual intercourse. It is more likely to occur in women who has many sex partners or in women who started having sexual intercourse as a teenager. Cervical dysplasia does not cause symptoms. One of the most common causes of cervical dysplasia is the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. HPV infection is very common, and a person can get it through unprotected sexual contact with another person who has HPV infection. Cervical dysplasia may be an indicator for cancer. Cervical dysplasia is detected with a pap test.
Cervical mucous : protective mucous secreted by the glands within the uterine cervix. The viscous, slippery character of the secretions changes with the phases of the menstrual cycle under the influence of the female sex hormones. Most of the time this thick mucus plug prevents spermatozoa and bacteria from entering the uterus. At midcycle, close to ovulation, under the influence of estrogen, the mucus becomes thin, watery, and stringy (similar to raw egg white) to allow spermatozoa to pass into the uterus. In the rest of the time cervical mucus is thick and cloudy and indicates a time when conception is less likely. Interpreting these changes along with the basal body temperature is used in natural birth control methods to chart fertility.
Cervical polyp : small, soft, benign growths that develop from inside or from the entrance of the cervix. In some cases, cervical polyps can block the cervix and cause problems getting pregnant. Cervical polyps are associated with inflammation of the cervix and with an abnormal response to the female hormone estrogen. The most common symptoms are abnormal bleedings - after intercourse, between periods, heavy bleeding during menstrual cycle, bleeding after menopause, or abnormal vaginal discharge - watery, bloody discharge.
Cervicitis : inflammation of the of the tissues of cervix. Cervicitis can be caused by any of a number of infections, of which the commonest are chlamydia, genital herpes, and gonorrhea.
Cervix : neck of the uterus. It is the portion of the lower uterus, where the uterus joins with the top end of the vagina.
Cesarean delivery : the delivery of a fetus by surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus. Also called C-section.
Chancre : a dull red, hard, insensitive lesion that is the first manifestation of syphilis. It is localized at the point of initial exposure to the bacterium, often on the penis, vagina or rectum
Chancroid : sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Hemophilus ducreyi) that causes soft, painful open sores in the genital area. Not syphilis. Characterized by swelling of the sebaceous glands, resulting in pimples on the face, back and chest. Also called soft chancre.
Chastity : virtuous character. From the sexual point of view - abstaining from sexual relations, virginity.
Chastity belt : chastity belt is a locking item of clothing that prevents the wearer from engaging in sexual intercourse and/or masturbation. There are versions for both male and female. Used especially in medieval times to prevent premarital sex in girls and young women and extramarital sex in married women.
Chemotherapy : the treatment with anticancer chemical agents or drugs. These chemical agents or drugs interfere selectively stopping abnormal cells division, preventing the cancer from spreading.
Child abuse : physical or psychological mistreatment of a child by its parents, guardians, or other adults. Child sexual abuse denotes sexual abuse of or sexual activity with children. Child sexual abuse is a criminal offense e verywhere.
Childbirth : the process of giving birth to a child. Also called birth or labor.
Child pornography : use of children in pornography. It is widely prohibited by law, and faces the disapproval of most members of society.
Chlamydia : sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis.
About 50 % of all men and 75 % of all women who have chlamydial infection have no symptoms and don't know that they have the disease and spread it through unprotected sex. When symptoms occur they might be :
* • in women
o • bleeding after sexual intercourse or between menstrual periods
o • lower abdominal pain and burning pain during urination
o • abnormal vaginal discharge
* • in men
o • pain or burning when urinating
o • inflammation or infection of a duct in the testicles
o • discharge from the penis
Because chlamydia wide spread and because it often doesn't produce symptoms, it is very important to take precautions by practicing safer sex.
Cancer : any of various conditions characterized by the uncontrolled cell division that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites due to an accumulation of anomalies within a cell. These anomalies can be congenital or acquired after birth through environmental factors. Normal tissue is growth-limited, i.e., cell reproduction is equal to cell death. Feedback controls limit cell division after a certain number of cells have developed, allowing for tissue repair but not expansion. Tumor cells are less responsive to these restraints and can proliferate to the point where they disrupt tissue architecture, distort the flow of nutrients, and otherwise do damage. Most cancers are named for the type of cell that makes up the cancer (lymphoma - a cancer originating in lymphatic tissue, sarcoma - a cancer originating in the connective tissue of bone or muscle, carcinomas - a cancer originating in skin, digestive tract or glands, etc.) or the organ in which they begin (breast cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, bone cancer, etc).
Candidiasis : any of the yeast like fungi of the genus Candida that are normally present on the skin and in the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, and that may become pathogenic, especially Candida Albicans, the causative agent of thrush. Also called moniliasis.
Canker : open sore (ulceration) on the lip or skin inside the mouth.
Carcinogen : an agent capable of initiating development of malignant tumors. May be a chemical, a form of electromagnetic radiation or an inert solid body.
Carcinoma : invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
Carrier : a person who harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent of that infection to others. A person is carrier of an infectious agen throughout the incubation period, disease period and convalescence period.
Asymptomatic carrier - the infected person that shows no symptoms of the disease.
Castration : removal of the gonads - testicles or ovaries.
Can be done by surgical removal, irradiation or using chemical substances. Male surgical removal of testes is called orchiectomy, female surgical removal of ovaries is called oophorectomy. It is a form of sterilization.
Cat-scratch fever : bacterial infection acquired through the scratch of a cat or other skin lesion, characterized by mild fever and inflammation of the injury and lymph glands.
Cauterization : the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing. It is done for medical reasons, as to treat some kind of wound in an area.
Celibate : one who abstains from sexual intercourse, especially by reason of religious vows.
Cell : the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semi permeable cell membrane. The basic unit of organization of all living organisms.
Cellulitis : an inflammation of body tissue, especially that below the skin, characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain. Can be caused by a bacterial infection. Often occurs where the skin has previously been broken : cracks in the skin, cuts, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, etc.
Cervical : of or relating to the cervix.
Cervical cancer : a condition in which normal cells in the cervix turn into cancerous cells.
Cervical dysplasia : an abnormality of the cells at the surface of the cervix. Cervical dysplasia can occur at any age after start having sexual intercourse. It is more likely to occur in women who has many sex partners or in women who started having sexual intercourse as a teenager. Cervical dysplasia does not cause symptoms. One of the most common causes of cervical dysplasia is the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. HPV infection is very common, and a person can get it through unprotected sexual contact with another person who has HPV infection. Cervical dysplasia may be an indicator for cancer. Cervical dysplasia is detected with a pap test.
Cervical mucous : protective mucous secreted by the glands within the uterine cervix. The viscous, slippery character of the secretions changes with the phases of the menstrual cycle under the influence of the female sex hormones. Most of the time this thick mucus plug prevents spermatozoa and bacteria from entering the uterus. At midcycle, close to ovulation, under the influence of estrogen, the mucus becomes thin, watery, and stringy (similar to raw egg white) to allow spermatozoa to pass into the uterus. In the rest of the time cervical mucus is thick and cloudy and indicates a time when conception is less likely. Interpreting these changes along with the basal body temperature is used in natural birth control methods to chart fertility.
Cervical polyp : small, soft, benign growths that develop from inside or from the entrance of the cervix. In some cases, cervical polyps can block the cervix and cause problems getting pregnant. Cervical polyps are associated with inflammation of the cervix and with an abnormal response to the female hormone estrogen. The most common symptoms are abnormal bleedings - after intercourse, between periods, heavy bleeding during menstrual cycle, bleeding after menopause, or abnormal vaginal discharge - watery, bloody discharge.
Cervicitis : inflammation of the of the tissues of cervix. Cervicitis can be caused by any of a number of infections, of which the commonest are chlamydia, genital herpes, and gonorrhea.
Cervix : neck of the uterus. It is the portion of the lower uterus, where the uterus joins with the top end of the vagina.
Cesarean delivery : the delivery of a fetus by surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus. Also called C-section.
Chancre : a dull red, hard, insensitive lesion that is the first manifestation of syphilis. It is localized at the point of initial exposure to the bacterium, often on the penis, vagina or rectum
Chancroid : sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Hemophilus ducreyi) that causes soft, painful open sores in the genital area. Not syphilis. Characterized by swelling of the sebaceous glands, resulting in pimples on the face, back and chest. Also called soft chancre.
Chastity : virtuous character. From the sexual point of view - abstaining from sexual relations, virginity.
Chastity belt : chastity belt is a locking item of clothing that prevents the wearer from engaging in sexual intercourse and/or masturbation. There are versions for both male and female. Used especially in medieval times to prevent premarital sex in girls and young women and extramarital sex in married women.
Chemotherapy : the treatment with anticancer chemical agents or drugs. These chemical agents or drugs interfere selectively stopping abnormal cells division, preventing the cancer from spreading.
Child abuse : physical or psychological mistreatment of a child by its parents, guardians, or other adults. Child sexual abuse denotes sexual abuse of or sexual activity with children. Child sexual abuse is a criminal offense e verywhere.
Childbirth : the process of giving birth to a child. Also called birth or labor.
Child pornography : use of children in pornography. It is widely prohibited by law, and faces the disapproval of most members of society.
Chlamydia : sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis.
About 50 % of all men and 75 % of all women who have chlamydial infection have no symptoms and don't know that they have the disease and spread it through unprotected sex. When symptoms occur they might be :
* • in women
o • bleeding after sexual intercourse or between menstrual periods
o • lower abdominal pain and burning pain during urination
o • abnormal vaginal discharge
* • in men
o • pain or burning when urinating
o • inflammation or infection of a duct in the testicles
o • discharge from the penis
Because chlamydia wide spread and because it often doesn't produce symptoms, it is very important to take precautions by practicing safer sex.